Even though we may not think it, weather is far less chaotic than is commonly considered. A butterfly flapping its wings will not change the course of any weather system... indeed it would take massive inputs to change course of the weather.
Weather faithfully follows the laws of physics. The only reason we cannot interpret current situations to accurately predict the progression of any synoptic situation is that there are literally too many contributory factors - from every corner of the globe - that dictate how any set-up will then progress. With enough data inputs, it would be possible to accurately predict the weather from weeks out.
It's near-impossible, though, to have sufficient data inputs, for two main reasons. One is the sheer scale of the number of inputs, and from around the world; the second (bigger) problem is that we have nowhere near the scale of historical records of how the weather reacts to different inputs (because there are simply too many variables, and you'd need millions of years of historical data)
Originally Posted by: Saint Snow