Just giving my latest thoughts for the coming season as we start November.
Firstly, it really does seem that the warmer the September, the greater the chance of a mild Winter following. Out of the top 5 warmest Septembers (2016 aside), only one has been followed by a cold Winter, and 3 have been followed by a mild Winter. Not only that, but there has never been a cold Winter following a September with a CET greater than 15.2C. Seeing as September 2016 had a CET of 16C, this does cast some doubt over whether Winter 2017 can be cold at all.
Next, I've been looking at the ENSO index and noticed something during the long periods when the ENSO index hardly changes, normally around the neutral mark. I think that when you get a long period (at least 12 months) where ENSO stays at neutral, it seems to greatly increase the risk of a cold Winter. Just having ENSO at neutral for a short period doesn't seem to have the same effect. It's when the ENSO region is more volatile, swinging wildly from one state to the other, that seems to bring mild and stormy Winters to the UK. So again, my thinking is that because ENSO neutral was only reached in the Summer, it's simply not a long enough "bedding-in" period to increase the risk of a cold Winter in the UK. If it had been hovering around neutral for the last 12 months, I would've gone for a colder Winter risk. The Winter of 2014 is an odd one out in that respect, but that can be explained by high solar activity in that year.
Then on to the October synoptic anomaly chart for October 2016. There was a very strong High anomaly over Scandinavia, and Low Pressure over Greenland. Very few other years have such a striking pressure anomaly over Scandinavia, but there are some years which had a fairly similar overall pattern. These years are 1951, 1952, 1959 and 2005. These Octobers led to a mix of outcomes for November, but 3 of them led on to a rather cold Winter, just one leading to a milder Winter. So, the October 2016 pressure anomaly does perhaps give some hope of a colder Winter to come.
Finally, I ran a composite on what I think are currently the best matched years to this year, taking ENSO, Solar activity and the October pressure anomalies into account. The 3 years I came up with were 1951, 1995 and 2005. Very interestingly, this results in all months between November and February being cold, with an overall dry theme for much of the time, especially in January.
So obviously there are mixed signals at the moment, will be interesting to see how November pans out. Will make a final call for Winter 2017 nearer the end of November.
Gainsborough, Lincolnshire.