BBC monthly outlook
Summary
Milder for a time but cold likely to return later
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Wednesday 10 February – Sunday 14 February
A bitterly cold and, in places, snowy week ahead
As "the Beast from the East" developed early this week, temperatures plummeted well below average while eastern and central parts of Britain saw heavy snow showers. Further west, although it stayed mostly dry, hard frosts developed overnight.
From midweek and through to mid-February, high pressure is likely to build into the north of the UK and the North Sea, putting an end to the strong easterly winds, but not to the cold.
This large area of high pressure is likely to extend from Scandinavia south through the North Sea and into Central Europe, staying to the east of the UK. Winds will be light and shift south east, which will still bring in some colder than normal air from Germany. However, the biggest difference will be that heavy snow showers from the North Sea will ease.
By the end of the working week and into the weekend, low pressure systems and weather fronts to the west will attempt to get into the UK while high pressure to the east blocks them. We will end up under a battleground of two very different air masses for a few days, but as the high shifts eastwards the milder air will eventually filter through the country. This will bring a risk of a band of snow for many as a milder weather front moves over the colder air from the east.
Monday 15 February – Sunday 21 February
Milder and more unsettled for a while
Through the middle of February our weather (and the weather for all of northern Europe) will be at the mercy of a large area of high pressure, often referred to as a "blocking high". It gets this nickname because it acts as a large road block for incoming low pressure systems from the Atlantic. This means it will tend to be drier and colder for areas influenced by the blocking high.
However, that doesn't look like it will include the UK next week. We are right on the edge of the high, which is expected to take up residence in the Baltic Sea and Germany, but it looks like it will be just far enough away that will be see Atlantic weather fronts move in from the west and south west.
This means that, at least for next week, we are likely to get a break from the cold. The weather fronts will be moving into the UK from the Azores, dragging sub-tropical Atlantic air with them. Temperatures will go from bitterly cold in places this week, to several degrees above average next week, making for quite a change. This will come with wetter and windier conditions too, these most frequent in southern and western areas.
Our forecast is very sensitive to the exact strength and position of the high, and some minor shifts could see the blocked pattern move over us. If the high is a bit further east, weather fronts will tend to be stronger and more frequent, leading to an even windier and wetter outlook. If we do get some cold filter back in from the east, it is likely to hit only eastern areas and not be nearly as frigid as we have experienced in recent days.
Monday 22 February – Sunday 7 March
Cold patterns return and may linger into March
Towards the end of February and into the first week of March, the forecast becomes trickier to pin down. There are a lot of signals from teleconnections (large-scale atmospheric patterns that can influence UK weather from afar) that we may see a return of a colder, drier pattern as high pressure edges back into northern Europe.
One such pattern is called the Arctic Oscillation, or AO for short, and it is currently strongly negative. This means that there is higher pressure than normal over the Arctic ice cap. Historically, when this pattern has occurred in January and early February, it continues to dominate through to early March.
High pressure north of the UK leads to a colder pattern for North Europe, but also a lot of drier than normal weather too with some crisp, sunny afternoons.
In addition, "La Nina" is currently cooling the water in the equatorial East Pacific, and this tends to favour more frequent Atlantic weather fronts for the UK. This signal is mostly being overpowered by the Arctic Oscillation but should begin to dominate later in March.
Computer model skill at this range for this particular pattern is expected to be rather poor, so we are leaning more on historical precedents which can prove quite useful for our long-range forecasts. However, it does mean confidence is rather low as well, and there is a risk that high pressure will weaken enough to allow Atlantic weather systems to dominate (as La Nina favours). If this pattern pans out, it will be milder, wetter, and windier (more like a typical late-winter/early-spring for the UK).
In short, cold and dry weather is expected to return and persist into March as Arctic high pressure dominates our weather patterns.
Further ahead
Peering ahead into mid-March we will see if there are better signals for a return of weather fronts and an end to the cold, dry winter.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/outlook